As PowerShell continues to be a crucial tool for IT professionals and system administrators, the significance of properly documenting your scripts cannot be overstated. Well-documented scripts are easier to understand, maintain, and share with colleagues. In this blog post, we’ll explore best practices for documenting PowerShell scripts and why it’s essential for your workflow.

1. Start with a Clear Header

Every script should begin with a header that includes:

• Script Name
• Author
• Date Created
• Last Modified Date
• Description
• Version

Example:

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Script Name: Get-SystemInfo.ps1
    Author: Laszlo Bocso
    Created: 2024-06-15
    Last Modified: 2024-06-20
    Version: 1.2

.DESCRIPTION
    This script gathers system information and exports it to a CSV file.
#>

2. Use Comment-Based Help

PowerShell’s comment-based help system allows you to include detailed information about your script that can be accessed using the Get-Help cmdlet. Include sections like:

• .SYNOPSIS (brief description)
• .DESCRIPTION (detailed explanation)
• .PARAMETER (for each parameter)
• .EXAMPLE (usage examples)
• .NOTES (additional information)

Example:

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Gathers system information.

.DESCRIPTION
    This script collects various system details including OS version,
    CPU, RAM, and disk space, then exports the data to a CSV file.

.PARAMETER ComputerName
    The name of the computer to query. Default is the local machine.

.PARAMETER OutputPath
    The path where the CSV file will be saved.

.EXAMPLE
    .\Get-SystemInfo.ps1 -ComputerName "Server01" -OutputPath "C:\Reports"

.NOTES
    Requires administrative privileges to run.
#>

3. Include Inline Comments

Use inline comments to explain complex logic or non-obvious code sections. This helps other developers (and your future self) understand the script’s inner workings.

Example:

# Convert bytes to GB for readability
$ramGB = [math]::Round($ram.TotalPhysicalMemory / 1GB, 2)

4. Document Functions

If your script includes functions, document each one using comment-based help, similar to the main script.

Example:

function Get-DiskSpace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Retrieves disk space information.
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function gets the free and total disk space for all drives.
    #>
    # Function code here
}

5. Use Meaningful Variable Names

Choose descriptive variable names that convey their purpose. This reduces the need for excessive comments and makes the code more self-documenting.

Example:

$totalMemoryGB = 16  # Good
$x = 16  # Bad

6. Version Control

Use version control systems like Git to track changes to your scripts over time. Include meaningful commit messages that explain what changed and why.

7. README File

For complex scripts or projects, include a README file that provides an overview, installation instructions, and basic usage examples.

Properly documenting your PowerShell scripts is an investment in the future. It saves time, reduces errors, and makes collaboration easier. By following these best practices, you’ll create scripts that are not only functional but also maintainable and user-friendly.

Remember, good documentation is an ongoing process. As you modify and improve your scripts, keep the documentation up-to-date. Your colleagues (and your future self) will thank you!